Song: Primary call a "keeee-keee-kee-kee-kee-kee" reminiscent of the "killy-killy-killy" call of American Kestrel and Sharp-shinned Hawk, but with a more raspy quality, and increasing in both pitch and frequency. Also a Purple Finch-like "tik" call given by the female.
Sound: Monty Brigham (Bird Sounds of Canada); 1991 Jul 10; Canada, Ontario; Lake Nipigon Provincial Park; Adult; Primary Sound;